{"id":173,"date":"2026-03-16T11:00:08","date_gmt":"2026-03-16T10:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/?page_id=173"},"modified":"2026-03-16T11:05:52","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T10:05:52","slug":"dating-and-methodological-developments","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/en\/dating-and-methodological-developments\/","title":{"rendered":"Dating and methodological developments"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:12%;--awb-padding-right:12%;--awb-padding-bottom:12%;--awb-padding-left:12%;--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-color1);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.304%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:46;line-height:var(--awb-typography1-line-height);\"><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Dating and methodological developments<\/p><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:12%;--awb-padding-right:12%;--awb-padding-bottom:12%;--awb-padding-left:12%;--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-color1);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:4.608%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:4.608%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>Our team has developed numerous methodological approaches to decipher the evolution of volcanic and planetary landscapes. Dating is a key aspect of quantifying evolutionary processes, which we are refining through isotopic geochemistry techniques. We are also developing digital tools for analyzing remote sensing data to characterize planetary surfaces.<\/p>\n<p>Methodological developments are addressed in the following research areas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>K-Ar and 40Ar\/39Ar geochronology<\/li>\n<li>In situ K-Ar dating, applied to future Mars missions or terrestrial samples<\/li>\n<li>Digital Terrain Models of terrestrial volcanoes, Mars, the moon Europa, and exoplanets.<\/li>\n<li>Light-matter interaction (spectrophotometry).<\/li>\n<li>Cratering and impact flux<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:var(--awb-color3);border-top-width:2px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;line-height:var(--awb-typography1-line-height);\"><b>Geochronology <i>K-Ar <\/i>and 40Ar\/39Ar<\/b><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p>The development of argon geochronology (K-Ar and Ar\/Ar techniques) is a specialty of the GGPV team that is recognized internationally. These techniques now enable us to date volcanic rocks and minerals spanning most of Earth\u2019s history. We are continuing our efforts to date younger ages through the development of a new automated K-Ar line and its low-volume spectrometer (the Pandora line).<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" title=\"pandore\" src=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/pandore.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-54\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/pandore-200x133.png 200w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/pandore-400x267.png 400w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/pandore.png 540w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Pandore Automated Line for K-Ar Dating at Cassignol-Gillot<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:var(--awb-color3);border-top-width:2px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;line-height:var(--awb-typography1-line-height);\">In situ K-Ar dating, applied to future Mars missions or terrestrial samples<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p>We are also developing in-situ K-Ar dating in the laboratory. During sample ablation using a UV-YAG laser, potassium is measured using LIBS, and argon is measured using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The KARMARS instrument (Cattani et al., 2019) has demonstrated the feasibility of in-situ K-Ar dating applied to Martian rocks, with basaltic compositions and ages up to 400 Ma<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-carousel fusion-image-carousel-auto fusion-image-carousel-1\"><div class=\"awb-carousel awb-swiper awb-swiper-carousel awb-carousel--carousel awb-swiper-dots-position-bottom\" data-layout=\"carousel\" data-autoplay=\"no\" data-autoplayspeed=\"2500\" data-autoplaypause=\"no\" data-columns=\"2.0\" data-columnsmedium=\"1\" data-columnssmall=\"1\" data-itemmargin=\"13\" data-itemwidth=\"180\" data-touchscroll=\"no\" data-freemode=\"no\" data-imagesize=\"auto\" data-scrollitems=\"0\" data-centeredslides=\"no\" data-rotationangle=\"50\" data-depth=\"100\" data-speed=\"500\" data-shadow=\"no\" data-pagination=\"bullets\" style=\"--awb-columns:2.0;--awb-dots-align:center;\"><div class=\"swiper-wrapper awb-image-carousel-wrapper fusion-flex-align-items-center\"><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><div class=\"fusion-carousel-item-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-image-wrapper hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"333\" height=\"176\" src=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/datation-kar-in-situ.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/datation-kar-in-situ-200x106.png 200w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/datation-kar-in-situ.png 333w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 2200px) 100vw, (min-width: 712px) 594px, (min-width: 640px) 712px, \" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><div class=\"fusion-carousel-item-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-image-wrapper hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"253\" height=\"170\" src=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/datation-kar-in-situ-2.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/datation-kar-in-situ-2-200x134.png 200w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/datation-kar-in-situ-2.png 253w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 2200px) 100vw, (min-width: 712px) 594px, (min-width: 640px) 712px, \" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"awb-swiper-button awb-swiper-button-prev\"><i class=\"awb-icon-angle-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><div class=\"awb-swiper-button awb-swiper-button-next\"><i class=\"awb-icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:var(--awb-color3);border-top-width:2px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;line-height:var(--awb-typography1-line-height);\">Digital Terrain Models of terrestrial volcanoes, Mars, the moon Europa, and exoplanets<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><p>Determining topography using accurate digital elevation models (DEMs) is key to understanding landscape evolution. We are developing methods to determine these DEMs as robustly and accurately as possible. Additionally, we are interested in microscale roughness, which also provides crucial information on surface processes (wind transport, water transport, weathering). We are developing multifractal theory to characterize and generate realistic synthetic topographies (for example, for exoplanets).<\/p>\n<p><b>Funding:<\/b> CNES\/CNRS\/INSU National Planetology Program<\/p>\n<p><b>People involved:<\/b> F. Andrieu, F. Schmidt, P. Lahitte<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"336\" height=\"305\" title=\"exoplanete\" src=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/exoplanete.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-60\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/exoplanete-200x182.png 200w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/exoplanete.png 336w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 336px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>A synthetic topography of an exoplanet, generated using a multifractal simulation. You can view the 3D model<br \/>\nonline here: <a href=\"https:\/\/data.ipsl.fr\/exotopo\"><u>https:\/\/data.ipsl.fr\/exotopo<\/u><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:var(--awb-color3);border-top-width:2px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;line-height:var(--awb-typography1-line-height);\">Light-matter interaction (spectrophotometry)<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><p>A key to understanding the processes occurring on the surfaces of planets lies in determining the surface\u2019s microphysical characteristics. Our team is developing innovative tools to determine the roughness, composition, porosity, and grain size of planetary regoliths. To do this, we use multi-angle, multi-wavelength remote sensing techniques and develop numerical methods for data inversion and assimilation.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-4 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"352\" title=\"interaction lumiere\" src=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/interaction-lumiere.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-61\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/interaction-lumiere-200x156.png 200w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/interaction-lumiere-400x313.png 400w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/interaction-lumiere.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><p><strong>Financement\u00a0:<\/strong> CNES\/ESA\u00a0: OMEGA (CoI F. Schmidt), PFS (CoI, F. Schmidt), ExoMars (GI, F.\u00a0Schmidt)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Personnes impliqu\u00e9es\u00a0:<\/strong> F. Andrieu, F. Schmidt, G. Cruz Mermy<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:var(--awb-color3);border-top-width:2px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-6 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;line-height:var(--awb-typography1-line-height);\">Cratering and impact flow<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\"><p>Quantifying the current impact flux on Earth is crucial for calibrating the cratering rate of planetary surfaces. It determines the accuracy of Mars\u2019 relative chronology in particular.<\/p>\n<p>Our team is developing two projects: FRIPON for the detection of lunar flashes and ACDC for the automatic detection and characterization of craters using artificial intelligence tools.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-5 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"307\" height=\"290\" title=\"balide\" src=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/balide.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-62\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/balide-200x189.png 200w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/balide.png 307w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 307px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-10\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Fireball observed over the Jura on November 28, 2016, at 9:14 p.m. UTC by seven FRIPON cameras and the Graves d\u2019Orsay radio station (bottom right)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:var(--awb-color3);border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-7 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:46;line-height:var(--awb-typography1-line-height);\">Projects<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-blog-shortcode fusion-blog-shortcode-1 fusion-blog-archive fusion-blog-layout-grid-wrapper fusion-blog-no fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-blog-no-images fusion-blog-layout-center\" style=\"--grid_separator_color:var(--awb-custom_color_1);\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-blog-shortcode-1 .fusion-blog-layout-grid .fusion-post-grid{padding:20px;}.fusion-blog-shortcode-1 .fusion-posts-container{margin-left: -20px !important; margin-right:-20px !important;}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-posts-container fusion-posts-container-no fusion-no-meta-info fusion-blog-layout-grid fusion-blog-layout-grid-3 isotope fusion-blog-equal-heights\" data-pages=\"1\" data-grid-col-space=\"40\" style=\"margin: -20px -20px 0;min-height:500px;\"><article id=\"blog-1-post-191\" class=\"fusion-post-grid post-191 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-datation-equipements-en category-mars-planetes-primitif-en category-processus-planetaire-en category-volcanisme-actif-en\">\n<div class=\"fusion-post-wrapper\" style=\"background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);border:1px solid var(--awb-color2);border-bottom-width:3px;\"><div class=\"fusion-post-content-wrapper\" style=\"padding:30px 30px 30px 30px;\"><div class=\"fusion-post-content post-content\"><h5 class=\"blog-shortcode-post-title entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/en\/2026\/03\/17\/mars-express-hrsc-omega-and-pfs\/\">Mars Express: HRSC, OMEGA and PFS<\/a><\/h5><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article id=\"blog-1-post-194\" class=\"fusion-post-grid post-194 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-datation-equipements-en category-mars-planetes-primitif-en category-processus-planetaire-en category-volcanisme-actif-en\">\n<div class=\"fusion-post-wrapper\" style=\"background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);border:1px solid var(--awb-color2);border-bottom-width:3px;\"><div class=\"fusion-post-content-wrapper\" style=\"padding:30px 30px 30px 30px;\"><div class=\"fusion-post-content post-content\"><h5 class=\"blog-shortcode-post-title entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/en\/2026\/03\/17\/exomars-tgo-and-rosalind-franklin\/\">ExoMars TGO and Rosalind Franklin<\/a><\/h5><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article id=\"blog-1-post-202\" class=\"fusion-post-grid post-202 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-datation-equipements-en category-processus-planetaire-en category-volcanisme-actif-en\">\n<div class=\"fusion-post-wrapper\" style=\"background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);border:1px solid var(--awb-color2);border-bottom-width:3px;\"><div class=\"fusion-post-content-wrapper\" style=\"padding:30px 30px 30px 30px;\"><div class=\"fusion-post-content post-content\"><h5 class=\"blog-shortcode-post-title entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/en\/2026\/03\/17\/mani-en\/\">M\u00e1ni ( EN )<\/a><\/h5><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article id=\"blog-1-post-205\" class=\"fusion-post-grid post-205 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-datation-equipements-en category-processus-planetaire-en category-volcanisme-actif-en\">\n<div class=\"fusion-post-wrapper\" style=\"background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);border:1px solid var(--awb-color2);border-bottom-width:3px;\"><div class=\"fusion-post-content-wrapper\" style=\"padding:30px 30px 30px 30px;\"><div class=\"fusion-post-content post-content\"><h5 class=\"blog-shortcode-post-title entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/en\/2026\/03\/17\/pdssp-en\/\">PDSSP ( EN )<\/a><\/h5><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/article>\n<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-173","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/173","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=173"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/173\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":176,"href":"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/173\/revisions\/176"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=173"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}