{"id":13,"date":"2025-09-30T17:02:36","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T15:02:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/?page_id=13"},"modified":"2025-12-02T13:20:26","modified_gmt":"2025-12-02T12:20:26","slug":"processus-planetaires-actuels-et-leurs-impacts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/processus-planetaires-actuels-et-leurs-impacts\/","title":{"rendered":"Processus plan\u00e9taires actuels et leurs impacts"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:12%;--awb-padding-right:12%;--awb-padding-bottom:12%;--awb-padding-left:12%;--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-color1);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.072%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.072%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:46;line-height:var(--awb-typography1-line-height);\">Processus plan\u00e9taires actuels et leurs impacts<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"315\" height=\"249\" title=\"processus planetaire\" src=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/processus-planetaire.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-20\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/processus-planetaire-200x158.png 200w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/09\/processus-planetaire.png 315w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 315px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p>Notre \u00e9quipe se focalise sur les processus qui fa\u00e7onnent les surfaces plan\u00e9taires actuellement au travers des diverses approches. Nous \u00e9tudions les perg\u00e9lisol martiens (structure, distribution et teneur en glace dans le perg\u00e9lisol), les \u00e9coulements actifs actuels sur Mars, les instabilit\u00e9s de pente (avalanche de d\u00e9bris, gullies sur Mars, effet thermophor\u00e9tique). Ces processus sont \u00e9tudi\u00e9s avec 3 approches\u00a0: \u00e9tude de terrain, mod\u00e9lisation\/simulation num\u00e9rique et exp\u00e9rimentation en laboratoire.<\/p>\n<p>Ceci est abord\u00e9 sur les chantiers suivants\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><strong>Perg\u00e9lisol martien (structure, distribution et teneur en glace dans le perg\u00e9lisol) et analogue terrestre en Arctique<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>.<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>D\u00e9gradation du perg\u00e9lisol en Arctique d\u00fb aux variations climatiques et activit\u00e9s anthropiques<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>Givre saisonnier et \u00e9coulements actifs actuels sur Mars<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:var(--awb-color3);border-top-width:2px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;line-height:var(--awb-typography1-line-height);\">Perg\u00e9lisol martien (structure, distribution et teneur en glace dans le perg\u00e9lisol) et analogue terrestre en Arctique.<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p>Afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la compr\u00e9hension de la cryosph\u00e8re (\u00e2ge, type de glace, \u2026) de la plan\u00e8te Mars, une analyse des plaines nord de Mars (Utopia Planitia) o\u00f9 de nombreux model\u00e9s indiquant de la glace dans le sol sont trouv\u00e9s (polygones, d\u00e9pressions thermokarstiques, glaciers rocheux, &#8230;). Un travail de cartographie des model\u00e9s et de compr\u00e9hension des processus (sublimation vs. fonte de glace)\u00a0 a \u00e9t\u00e9 entreprise. Pour mieux contraindre l\u2019origine des structures, des \u00e9tudes d\u2019analogues sur le terrain\u00a0 sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9es dans des r\u00e9gions \u00e0 perg\u00e9lisol riche en glace en Arctique\u00a0 comme en Yakoutie Centrale (Sib\u00e9rie) et Canada. De plus, des exp\u00e9rimentations en chambre froide permettent de hi\u00e9rarchiser les param\u00e8tres associ\u00e9s aux processus. L\u2019\u00e9tude comparative de model\u00e9s de Sib\u00e9rie analogues \u00e0 ceux de la r\u00e9gion d\u2019Utopia Planitia sur Mars est donc pertinente et permets de mettre en \u00e9vidence des r\u00e9gions sur Mars comportant un perg\u00e9lisol tr\u00e8s riche en glace. Cependant, l\u2019origine et le volume de cryosph\u00e8re et son lien avec des changements climatiques globaux restent toujours largement inconnus.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:var(--awb-color3);border-top-width:2px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;line-height:var(--awb-typography1-line-height);\">D\u00e9gradation du perg\u00e9lisol en Arctique d\u00fb aux variations climatiques et activit\u00e9s anthropiques<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p>Le r\u00e9chauffement climatique est deux \u00e0 trois fois plus important en Arctique qu\u2019ailleurs sur la plan\u00e8te. Dans certaines r\u00e9gions, le sol est gel\u00e9 (perg\u00e9lisol) et contient une grande quantit\u00e9 de glace (70% en volume) ce qui le rend vuln\u00e9rable aux variations climatiques. Ce r\u00e9chauffement rapide conduit d\u00e9j\u00e0 au d\u00e9gel du perg\u00e9lisol, provoquant un affaissement du sol, et la formation de nombreux lacs thermokarstiques et de glissement de terrain.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:var(--awb-color3);border-top-width:2px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;line-height:var(--awb-typography1-line-height);\">Givre saisonnier et \u00e9coulements actifs actuels sur Mars<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><p>L\u2019\u00e9tude des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts de versants r\u00e9cents sur la plan\u00e8te Mars occupe une place toute particuli\u00e8re car ils sont susceptibles de fournir des informations pr\u00e9cieuses sur l\u2019environnement climatique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de leurs mises en place. En particulier, se pose la question du r\u00f4le de l\u2019eau liquide, du CO2 ou de la sublimation de la glace d\u2019eau dans ces \u00e9coulements<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:var(--awb-color3);border-top-width:2px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-83\" src=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"499\" height=\"473\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_1-200x190.jpg 200w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_1-300x284.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_1-400x379.jpg 400w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_1.jpg 499w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 499px) 100vw, 499px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-84\" src=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"904\" height=\"578\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_2-200x128.jpg 200w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_2-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_2-400x256.jpg 400w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_2-460x295.jpg 460w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_2-600x384.jpg 600w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_2-768x491.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_2-800x512.jpg 800w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_2.jpg 904w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 904px) 100vw, 904px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-85\" src=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"905\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_3-200x90.jpg 200w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_3-300x135.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_3-400x179.jpg 400w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_3-600x269.jpg 600w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_3-768x345.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_3-800x359.jpg 800w, https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/ppali_3.jpg 905w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 905px) 100vw, 905px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><p><strong>Figure :<\/strong> Analogie Sib\u00e9rie-Mars pour la compr\u00e9hension de la cryosph\u00e8re. A) d\u00e9pression form\u00e9e par la sublimation de glace de sol sur Mars. B) zoom de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la d\u00e9pression o\u00f9 de la glace massive avec des polygones ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s. C) Perg\u00e9lisol riche en glace sur le bord de la L\u00e9na en Yakoutie Centrale (Sib\u00e9rie) analogue de Mars.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:var(--awb-color3);border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:46;line-height:var(--awb-typography1-line-height);\">Les projets<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-blog-shortcode fusion-blog-shortcode-1 fusion-blog-archive fusion-blog-layout-grid-wrapper fusion-blog-no fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-blog-no-images fusion-blog-layout-center\" style=\"--grid_separator_color:var(--awb-custom_color_1);\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-blog-shortcode-1 .fusion-blog-layout-grid .fusion-post-grid{padding:20px;}.fusion-blog-shortcode-1 .fusion-posts-container{margin-left: -20px !important; margin-right:-20px !important;}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-posts-container fusion-posts-container-no fusion-no-meta-info fusion-blog-layout-grid fusion-blog-layout-grid-3 isotope fusion-blog-equal-heights\" data-pages=\"1\" data-grid-col-space=\"40\" style=\"margin: -20px -20px 0;min-height:500px;\"><article id=\"blog-1-post-96\" class=\"fusion-post-grid post-96 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-datation-developpements category-mars-planetes-primitif category-processus-planetaire category-volcanisme-actif\">\n<div class=\"fusion-post-wrapper\" style=\"background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);border:1px solid var(--awb-color2);border-bottom-width:3px;\"><div class=\"fusion-post-content-wrapper\" style=\"padding:30px 30px 30px 30px;\"><div class=\"fusion-post-content post-content\"><h5 class=\"blog-shortcode-post-title entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geops.geol.u-psud.fr\/etp\/2025\/12\/02\/mars-express-hrsc-omega-et-pfs\/\">Mars Express: HRSC, OMEGA et PFS<\/a><\/h5><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article id=\"blog-1-post-99\" class=\"fusion-post-grid post-99 post type-post status-publish 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